Application 5.1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application 5.1 - Assignment Example With an estimated level of 85, the Northern and Southern American based vendors encourage the business utilizing the made system (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 100). The organization has extended its tasks by getting a few retail outlets situated in Berlin, New York, London, Hamburg, Munich and New Jersey. The show bank program is the principle company’s procedure that fuses the utilization of neighborhood and universal based vendors to disperse their items. It permits nearby and global craftsmen who have hit their imprint in their callings to survey various pianos in the outlets and pick one that best suits their requirements. With the show banks loaded with in excess of 300 pianos situated in excess of 160 distinct urban areas, the organization enormously profits by its commitment with these fruitful craftsmen (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). It can showcase a portion of its brands utilizing the name of the entertainer who is freely known. Various imaginative aptitudes are united so as to think of a fabulous Steinway show piano. Various strategies have been planned anyway the procedure has kept up is essential starting procedures since they have consistently delivered determinable outcomes. In excess of 12000 pieces of the fabulous piano must be handmade before they are splendidly fit to one another to finish the entire riddle. The uniqueness of these pieces emerge from the various sorts of tones, sound and contact fused in every one of the pieces (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). Various exercises are joined during the creation of the piano, for example, wood drying, parts-production lastly the piano-production tasks. Before the piano is set to be shown and sold, the creators experience a last stage which is tone guideline. They are tuned to voice the Steinway sound as an exceptional type of character (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). Steinway has demonstrated its prevalence in the fantastic piano market by procuring brilliant market

How to Avoid Weight Gain When You Quit Smoking

How to Avoid Weight Gain When You Quit Smoking Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit Print How to Avoid Weight Gain When You Quit Smoking By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 04, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 17, 2020 Mint Images / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Statistics tell us that most people who quit smoking gain some weight initially. On average, that gain is between 5 to 10 pounds. And for a lot of folks, it is temporary and falls back off within the first year of smoking cessation.?? For some of us, however, the weight gained stays put and/or grows. Reasons for this can include things like a slowing metabolism due smoking cessation or menopause, but most often it is really only about eating more calories in the course of a day than you did as a smoker. If you havent quit smoking yet, take a little time to stock your kitchen with healthy snacks and think about what youll do to stay on track with food once you stop smoking.  A little preparation can go a long way toward helping you avoid the need to invest in a larger wardrobe to fit your new, nonsmoking self. Set Realistic Goals Perhaps the easiest way to keep your head above water with cessation and weight control is to avoid overloading yourself with too many expectations.?? Smoking cessation, while far from impossible, is hard work for most of us early on. Starting a new diet at the same time that you quit smoking is a lot to juggle. What Should You Do Before You Stop Smoking? Many folks get energized by quitting tobacco and decide to tackle other challenges they have in life at the same time. When this happens, it can be hard to do everything and eventually, everything suffers. We suffer a smoking relapse and usually go back to poor eating habits. Just focus on maintaining your current weight while you manage nicotine withdrawal and the months beyond it. Once youre comfortable with your smoke-free status, you can turn your attention to shedding any extra weight youre carrying. How You Can Survive Nicotine Withdrawal and Stay Away From Cigarettes Why Food Becomes a Substitute for Smoking For new  ex-smokers, food often takes on a new importance that can quickly become an unhealthy obsession if were not careful. Why? In part, it has to do with needing a substitute for the act of smoking. The act of eating is an easy replacement for the act of smoking. Smokers have a powerful hand-to-mouth association and eating is a hand-to-mouth activity. But also, food simply tastes better without cigarette tar clogging delicate taste buds on our tongues. Its not uncommon for ex-smokers to note that some foods taste entirely different than they did when they smoked. And then there is the fact that food signals comfort for many of us.  That sense of comfort comes for a dopamine rush in the brain, which happens to be the same mechanism for smoking enjoyment.?? Researchers believe dopamine is a key factor in addiction, be it to nicotine, food, alcohol or other addictive substances.  Its no wonder then that we reach for food when craving a smoke.?? The Truth About Smoking Pleasure While we cannot stop eating like weve  stopped smoking, we can make choices that will help us avoid weight gain and even enhance how we feel physically.?? A diet rich in nutrients helps us to be at our physical and emotional best, which, in turn, makes it easier to maintain the daily effort that is necessary  during the first months of smoking cessation.?? Use the tips below to help you start thinking creatively about how to use food as a tool for good health rather than a replacement for smoking. 10 Tips for Minimizing Quit-Related Weight Gain Pay attention to portions: Downsize serving sizes: Use a lunch-size plate rather than a dinner plate, and stop after one plate full.Read labels: Aim for foods low in fat and high in protein and fiber. And speaking of portion sizes, be sure to check packaged food labels for portion sizes as well.Keep temptation out of the house: If its not there, you cant eat it. Stock the fridge and cupboards with healthy food choices so that when the urge to snack strikes, the right foods are within easy reach.Indulge your sweet tooth at a restaurant: Dont allow a half-gallon of ice cream shelf space in your freezer. Instead, head out to the ice cream parlor when youre in the mood for a sundae. Doing this safeguards against going back for another scoop, or worse, another bowl later on.Drink plenty of water: If you have the urge to snack, drink a glass of water first. It will help fill you up.  You  will eat less and also beat cravings to smoke.Think 80/20: If 80% of the meals and snacks you eat on a given day are healthy and in the right portions, you can allow yourself a few treats with the other 20% without throwing your diet out of whack.Eat more often: Try eating 5 or 6 small meals throughout your day. The urge to snack is intense early on in cessation, so snack-size meals may suit your needs perfectly. And the good news is, small meals every few hours could give your metabolism a boost. Just watch your calories and keep the total for the day within the correct range for your body.Go for a walk: Exercise will help you avoid weight gain. As little as a half-hour walk a day can be enough to help you keep your weight stable, as long as youre eating well too. And exercise improves mood too, a nice fringe benefit.??Distract yourself: Boredom is a big trigger for smoking and for eating. Make an abrupt change in what youre doing and you can distract yourself away from mindless snacking.Find some support: Online forums can be a great supportive community of people who are working to quit smoking. Stop in and browse the message board of this active group as a guest, or register (free) and join the discussion. Dont Romance the Cigarette Early smoking cessation is an awkward, uncomfortable state for most of us. Add weight gain into the equation and were ripe for a bad case of junkie thinking. How to Beat Junkie Thinking During Nicotine Withdrawal Dont be tempted to return to smoking as a means to control your weight. If you do, youll learn a hard lesson.  Youll be a smoker who needs to quit and lose weight because the pounds wont  magically melt away because youre smoking again. Dig your heels in and focus on losing your addiction to nicotine first and the weight second. Once youre comfortable in your nonsmoking skin, youll be better equipped to apply your time and energy toward losing weight successfully. And speaking of success, there is absolutely nothing better for a persons self-confidence and ability to tackle challenges effectively than succeeding at smoking cessation. Smoking Kills, Plain and Simple Do what you need to do to boot this addiction out of your life now. If that means you gain a few pounds in the process, so be it. Weight can always be lost later, but your precious and irreplaceable health cannot. What Smoking Does to Your Metabolism

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - 1627 Words

Erica Jackson The Center for Allied Health Nursing Education Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 7/15/2013 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal disease, also known as Motor Neurons Disease, Charchot Disease and Lou Gehrig disease. ALS destroys the Central Nervous System (CNS) and causes damage to the upper and lower motor neurons in the brain. Signs and symptoms are characterized as: muscles weakness, muscle atrophy, twitching and reduced muscle reflexes. Eventually the patient will become paralyzed and rely on a tracheostomy and ventilator for breathing (ALS Association [ALSA], 2010). With ALS, this disease process only last three to five years after being diagnosed, but patients with medical management have†¦show more content†¦The NeuRx DPS is implanted using a laparscope in an out-patient setting. The device is made up of five electrodes, four of which are implanted in the diaphragm. The fifth electrode is placed under the skin with an electrode connector. It then groups the five electrodes together to exit the skin into a holder that holds the electrode connector in place on the skin. The electrode connector connects a battery powered external pulse generator (EPG). The EPG then is able to sends electrical signals to the diaphragm. By acting as nerve impulses from the brain it sends out a message to the brain along the nerves to contract the diaphragm. This action helps by exercise and stimulate the intercostal muscle, allowing the ALS pt to have clear symmetrical lung sounds. Patients are able to control the EPG with two buttons, on and off. No other setting will need to be changed (U.S. Food and Drug Administration [USFDA], 2011). The NeuRx DPS can only be used in patients over 21 years of age and only patients who are able to breathe on there own, without the need of ventilator support. FDA approved the NeuRx DPS device under the Humanitarian Device Exemption (HDE) program. Approval date for the NeuRx DPS was approved on September 28, 2011 ( USFDA, 2011). ALS was first founded by a Jean-Martin Charcot. Charcot was a neurologistShow MoreRelatedAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis1478 Words   |  6 PagesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as ALS or Lou Gehrigs disease, is a disease of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movement. Jean-Marie Charcot was the first to recognize ALS as a distinct neurological disease with its own unique pathology. In ALS, nerve cells degenerate and deteriorate, and are unable to transmit messages to muscles. In around 90% of the cases of ALS, the cause remai ns unknown. Studies have concentrated on the responsibility of glutamateRead More Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is an insidiously developing, adult-onset, progressive anterior horn cell degeneration with associated degeneration of descending motor pathways. Despite increasing clinical and research interest, its cause remains obscure. Although many theories as to its cause have been proposed, no intervention has yet been shown to modify biologically determined motor system degeneration. There is no clear cut neuropathological diagnosis forRead More Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pages Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Motor Neuron Disease Maladie de Charcot Lou Gehrigs Disease What is the Disease? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ALS is an extremely deadly disease affecting the nerve cells that control the victims voluntary muscles. These nerves shrink and eventually die, leaving the muscles without stimulation. As these muscles go without stimulation, they too eventually shrink and die. The victim progressively weakens to the point of complete paralysis of all voluntary musclesRead MoreThe Impact Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis1709 Words   |  7 PagesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord (Plowman, 2015, p.1151). The motor neurons reach from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles in the body. When ALS is in a degenerate stage, this causes paralyzation and loss of muscle control, which can lead to one’s death. The ALS Association is a national nonprofit organization that is dedicated to fighting Lou Gehrig’s diseaseRead MoreAnalysis Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetics Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pages Analysis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetics Christopher Elliott Brandman University Analysis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetics Over the past decade, the medical community’s understanding of chronic illnesses has greatly increased. This increase is the result of improvements in technology and techniques that have clarified some of the unknown mechanisms associated with disease. For example, innovations in genetic sequencing have allowed researchers to analyze the geneticRead MoreAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)796 Words   |  3 PagesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis is commonly referred to as ALS. This disease is also known to many as Lou Gehrig’s disease. ALS is a disease characterized by the slow death of certain nerve cells in the brain and spine. As described by research done through the Mayo Clinic, nerve cells called motor neurons control the muscles that allow you to move muscles of your body. ALS effects these particular neurons and produce serious neurological effects that can start as muscle weakness that eventually leadsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosi s Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also known as ALS or sometimes called Lou Gehrig’s Disease, is a progressive neurological disease affecting the nerves that control voluntary muscle movement. It is the most common type of motor neuron disease. The body isn’t able to operate as it normally does due to the muscles weakening overtime. As the disease progresses, it starts to damage nerves of other vital areas of the body. When the body isn’t able to breath the way it should causing respiratory failureRead MoreEssay about Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis2209 Words   |  9 PagesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ABSTRACT At this time, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS) is a very confusing and elusive disorder. While the clinical presentation and diagnosis of ALS dates back to the early 1900’s, with Charcot being the first to scientifically report and document his findings, there simply has not been definitive evidence since that time for the etiology for ALS. This fundamental problem has befuddled the most qualified researchers and its ensuing answer has eluded theRead MoreEssay on What is Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?1064 Words   |  5 PagesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis is short for ALS, and is often referred to as â€Å"Lou Gehrig’s disease.† Lou Gehrig was born in New York in June 19, 1903. In April of 1923, Lou Gehrig signed his first contract with the New York Yankees. He played for the Yankees for 15 years and lead them to 6 World Series between 1927 and 1938. Gehrig was known as a seven-time all-star champion, for his batting average and was named twice the American Leagues MVP; He later earned the name of the Iron Horse (Lou GehrigRead MoreEssay about Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis1600 Words   |  7 PagesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a motor neuron type disease. The disease was first discovered in 1869 by French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. Though we have known of this disease and its capabilities for well over a century; there is still information that is unclear. This past decade has been successful for research, giving us new information and optimism for years ahead. New hope is arriving in thoughts that stem cell research and gene therapy will advance our knowledge for a possible cure

Definition and Examples of the Second Persona

Second persona is a term introduced by rhetorician Edwin Black (see below) to describe the role assumed by an audience in response to a speech or other text. Also called an implied auditor. The concept of the second persona is related to the concept of the implied audience. Examples and Observations We have learned to keep continuously before us the possibility, and in some cases the probability, that the author implied by the discourse is an artificial creation: a persona, but not necessarily a person. . . . What equally well solicits our attention is that there is a second persona also implied by a discourse, and that persona is its implied auditor. This notion is not a novel one, but its uses to criticism deserve more attention.In the classical theories of rhetoric the implied auditor--this second persona--is but cursorily treated. We are told that he is sometimes sitting in judgment of the past, sometimes of the present, and sometimes of the future, depending on whether the discourse is forensic, epideictic, or deliberative. We are informed too that a discourse may imply an elderly auditor or a youthful one. More recently we have learned that the second persona may be favorably or unfavorably disposed toward the thesis of the discourse, or he may have a neutral attitude towa rd it.These typologies have been presented as a way of classifying real audiences. They are what has been yielded when theorists focused on the relationship between a discourse and some specific group responding to it. . . .[B]ut even after one has noted of a discourse that it implies an auditor who is old, uncommitted, and sitting in judgment of the past, one has left to say--well, everything.Especially must we note what is important in characterizing personae. It is not age or temperament or even discrete attitude. It is ideology . . ..It is this perspective on ideology that may inform our attention to the auditor implied by the discourse. It seems a useful methodological assumption to hold that rhetorical discourses, either singly or cumulatively in a persuasive movement, will imply an auditor, and that in most cases the implication will be sufficiently suggestive as to enable the critic to link this implied auditor to an ideology.(Edwin Black, The Second Persona. The Quarterly J ournal of Speech, April 1970)The second persona means that the actual people making up the audience at the beginning of the speech take on another identity that the speaker convinces them to inhabit through the course of the speech itself. For example, if a speaker says, We, as concerned citizens, must act to take care of the environment, he is not only trying to get the audience to do something about the environment but also attempting to get them to identify themselves as concerned citizens.(William M. Keith and Christian O. Lundberg, The Essential Guide to Rhetoric. Bedord/St. Martins, 2008)The second persona relationship provides interpretative frameworks for making sense of the information enacted in communication. How that information is interpreted and acted on is likely to be the result of what receivers see as the intended second persona and whether they are willing or able to accept that persona and act from that point of view.(Robert L. Heath, Management of Corporate Comm unication. Routledge, 1994) Isaac Disraeli on the Role of the Reader [R]eaders must not imagine that all the pleasures of composition depend on the author; for there is something which a reader himself must bring to the book, that the book may please. . . . There is something in composition like the game of shuttlecock, where if the reader do not quickly rebound the feathered cock to the author, the game is destroyed, and the whole spirit of the work falls extinct.(Isaac Disraeli, On Reading. Literary Character of Men of Genius, 1800)

Case 3 Free Essays

Case Problem Set 3: Problem 1: Young Professional magazine was developed for a target audience of recent college graduates who are in their first 10 years in a business/professional career. In its two years of publication the magazine has been fairly successful. Now the publisher is interested in expanding the magazine’s advertising base. We will write a custom essay sample on Case 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Potential advertisers continually ask about the demographics and interests of subscribers to Young Professional. To collect this information the magazine has commissioned a survey to develop a profile of its subscribers. The survey results will be used to help the magazine choose articles of interest and provide advertisers with a profile of subscribers. As a new employee of the magazine, you have been asked to help analyze the survey results. Some of the survey questions follow: 1. What is your age? 2. Are you: Male___________ Female___________ 3. Do you plan on making any real estate purchases in the next two years? Yes _____ No _______ 4. What is the approximate total value of financial investments, exclusive of your home, owned by you or members of your household? . How many stock/bond/mutual fund transactions have you made in the past year? 6. Do you have broadband access at your home? Yes ______ No_________ 7. Please indicate your annual household income last year. 8. Do you have children? Yes _______ No__________ The file titled â€Å"Professional† has the responses to these questions. Prepare a managerial report summarizing the results of this survey. In addition to statistical summari es discuss how the magazine might use these results to attract advertisers. You might also comment on how the survey results could be used by the magazine’s editors to identify topics that would be of interest to readers. Your report should address the following issues, but do not limit your analysis to just these areas. 1. Develop appropriate descriptive and graphical summaries for each variable. 2. Develop 95% confidence intervals for the mean age and household income of subscribers. 3. Develop 95% confidence intervals for the proportion of subscribers who have broadband access at home and proportion of subscribers who have children. 4. Would Young Professional be a good advertising outlet for online brokers? Justify your answer. 5. Would Young Professional be a good place to advertise for companies selling educational software and computer games for young children? 6. Comment on the type of articles you believe would be of interest to readers of Young Professional. Problem 2: Quality Associates, Inc. , a consulting firm advises its clients about sampling and statistical procedures that can be used to control their manufacturing processes. In one particular application a client gave Quality Associates a sample of 800 observations taken during a time in which the client’s process was operating satisfactorily. The sample standard deviation of this data was 0. 21; hence with so much data, the population standard deviation was assumed to be 0. 21. Quality Associates then suggested that random samples of size 30 be taken periodically to monitor the process on an ongoing basis. By analyzing the new samples, the client could quickly learn whether the process was operating satisfactorily. When the process was not operating satisfactorily, corrective action could be taken to eliminate the problem. The design specification indicated the mean for the process should be 12. The hypothesis test suggested by Quality Associates follows. H0: ? =12 Ha: 12 Corrective action will be taken anytime H0 is rejected. The file titled â€Å"Quality† contains samples collected at hourly intervals during the first day of operation of the new statistical process control procedure. Managerial Report: 1. Conduct a hypothesis test for each sample at a significance level of 0. 01 and determine what action, if any, should be taken. Provide the test statistic and p-value for each test. 2. Compute the standard deviation for each of the four samples. Does the assumption of 0. 1 for the population standard deviation appear reasonable? 3. Compute the limits for the sample mean around ? =12 such that, as long as a new sample mean is within those limits, the process will be considered to be operating satisfactorily. If the sample mean exceeds the upper limit or is below the lower limit, corrective action will be taken. These limits are referred to as control limits for qual ity control purposes. 4. Discuss the implications of changing the level of significance to a larger value. What mistake or error could increase if the level of significance is increased? How to cite Case 3, Essay examples

Greek Theatre in 5th Century BCE Essay Example For Students

Greek Theatre in 5th Century BCE Essay Greek Theatre in 5th Century BCEThe Ancient Greeks, probably one of the most fascinating civilizations to study contributed several discoveries and technological advancements. One can not discuss the Greeks without discussing Greek Theatre though. Greek Theater paved the way for literature and art in later history in many ways. If it wasnt for Greek Theatre famous play writers like Shakespeare would have never done what they are so very well known for. When studying Greek Theatre it is virtually impossible not to hear about it in the 5th Century BCE, and that is because the 5th Century BCE was rather exciting when it came to Greek Theatre. We will write a custom essay on Greek Theatre in 5th Century BCE specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The origin of Greek Theatre in 5th Century BCE is not known. Dozens of hypotheses exist, but there is not really any conclusive hard evidence. What is known on the other hand is that tragedies were first performed in Athens in 6th Century BCE, and that they were very simple. They only had one actor and one chorus. In the 5th Century BCE this changed though. A second and third actor were added to plays, but there were no more then three speaking actors on stage at once. Throughout 5th Century BCE the average size of the chorus was twelve through fifteen members. The theatrical performances were part of the worship of the god Dionysus, the god of fertility and wine. Out of the four festivals of worship for Dionysus, two them included theatrical performances. Greek theater wasnt an everyday thing in 5th Century BCE. There were only performances on certain days in the year. In the city of Dionysea, three days were given to tragedy and one day was given to comedies. In the Lenean, festival comedies, and at times tragedies were presented as well. Therefore theatre was from 6-7 days a year. There was no theater throughout the rest of the year. During the 5th Century BCE three tragedy playwrights were chosen to have their work presented. A similar amount of comedy playwrights were selected to have their work presented as well. The selections were made by one of the three archons, who were the chief administrators of Athens. Each playwright who was selected was responsible for staging and being one of the actors in the play for most of the century. A choregus, otherwise known as a wealthy citizen, was assigned to underwrite the expenses involved in the process. This assignment was a form of taxation. Greek theaters back then were always built on the side of hills. The main theatre in Athens was The Theatre of Dionysus, built into the south slope of Acropolis. During 5th Century BCE all elements of the theatre were made of wood, and were dismantled at the end of he festival. In the 4th Century was when stone started being used as the material for building theatres. The Theatre of Dionysus was made of four basic sections. One of these parts were the Theartron. The Theartron is where the audience sat to watch the performances. The Theatre of Dionysus Theartron was big enough to hold eighteen to twenty thousand spectators. Right in front of the Theartron was the Orchestra. The Orchestra was about sixty-five feet in diameter, and was where the chorus sand and danced. Behind the orchestra was the skene. The skene was a wooden building that had atleast one central door for actors to make their entrances and exits, but there might have been two other doors in the wall of the skene facing the spectators. The last section was the parados. The parados was in between the skene and the theatron, and this is where the audience entered and exited the theatre and where the chorus entered and exited the theatre as well. The Theatre of Dionysus is probably perhaps the largest facility ever created for watching theatrical performances. At least two thirds of the citizens of Athens could be accommodated in The Theatre of Dionysus. Every theatre like the Theatre of Dionysus had a parados, a theatron, a skene, and an orchestra. The Greek theatre also had machines. Two of the most well-known machines were the mechane, and the ekkyklema. The mechane was a crane used in tragedy and comedy in the fifth century for hoisting characters in the air, most often to represent flight. Ekkyklema is a platform on wheels rolled out through a door in the skene, used to indicate that whatever is on the platform (actors and props) is supposed to be viewed as an interior scene . .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a , .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a .postImageUrl , .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a , .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a:hover , .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a:visited , .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a:active { border:0!important; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a:active , .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c448bcb692846cba92f9d5c005a1d1a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 20s And 30s EssayTheres only a portion of the output of the four 5th Century BCE playwrights that have survived. Three of them were tragedies. These were Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. The only comic playwright output that survived was Aristophanes. Most of the tragedies followed the format below. Prolog, spoken by an actor Parados, the entrance of the chorus, singing and dancing. Episode 1, between two or three actors Stasimon 1, the chorus, singing and dancing. Episode 2, between two or three actors Stasimon 2, the chorus, singing and dancing. Episode 3, between two or three actors Stasimon 3, the chorus, singing and dancing. Episode 4, between two or three actors Stasimon 4, the chorus, singing and dancing. Episode 5, the final encounter between two or three actors Exodus, the chorus departs through the paradoi, singing and dancing. In conclusion without Greek Theatre the theatrical, literary, and art world would be extremely different then what it is today. Not only did Greek Theatre pave the way for everything I just mentioned but also for the theatres themselves. Most theatres today are based or are similar to the Greek Theatres of back then in some way. After doing this report I only have one question about Greek Theatre, and that question is Can you imagine your world today without Greek Theatre not happening in 5th Century BCE?Words/ Pages : 964 / 24

Leadership and Motivating the Employees

Introduction A project is a temporary endeavor that is undertaken to produce a product or provide a service. Project management is an analysis that seeks to define how a particular project executes its operations, monitors the already executed operations, and how the executed operations are controlled (Kerzner 2010:14).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Leadership and Motivating the Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Any project has some requirements that are necessary for the successful completion of the project tasks; these requirements are commonly referred to as resources. Project resources are not standard since individual projects will call for different capital resources, human resource, scope, technological skills, and target market, among other factors. To accomplish the mission and vision a given project, the project must take into account the analysis of the scope, the financial requirem ent, as well as the short, middle, and long-term goals of the project. Most importantly, project management cannot thrive without adapting to leadership style that is congruent with the needs of the employees. The subsystems of the firm have to adjust to an effective organizational structure in order to facilitate success of the project. The effective integration of values can be achieved by leadership development, as this helps to highlight the changes that are taking place within a particular market segment. This study will be guided by one key question: is the issue of leadership an extremely complicated task while motivating the employees working in projects? Background Of The Study JovanovicÃŒ  PetrovicÃŒ  (2000) affirm that proper dissemination of project management plan should be provided to the employees in a manner that outlines vigilant steps, which point out the corresponding responsibilities, the person responsible for the task, the timeline for performing the task, a nd the expected output (Kerzner 2010: 23). However, the management of projects highly depends on the flow view theory, which seeks to eliminate the unforeseen risks (Hanisch et al. 2011). Additionally, the theory of value generation view is used in project management to facilitate an assessment of the clients prior to provision of goods and/or services. This theory substantiates that the needs of the clients should be viewed differently from the work process.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the project management should define the plan, the cost, the activities, the project’s human and capital resources planning, and judgment of duration of time for the completion of the projects (Rad 2002: 36). An effective budgeting of the project’s cost facilitates this, while an effective execution should define time and quality specification, as they are cri tical in ascertaining a project’s sustainability. Controlling, on the other hand, should be designed in such a way that it is able to use performance reporting that executes corrections or overall change control that recommends changes at the planning procedure (Kerzner 2010:94). But while all the above are valid procedures and theories that aim at ensuring that projects achieve their main objectives, the strategy of using the resources and time constrains remains unconvincing, given that motivation plays a critical role in the performance of a project. Some of the key motivators include organizational hierarchies, relationship with the boss, working conditions, relationship with the peers, and recognition in the workplace (Miner 2007:158). However, these theories often seem challenging in the process of their implementation, making some organizational cultures disapprove their authenticity in the project management. This stems from the fact that different cultures have diffe rent opinions regarding the use of organizational theories in the projects. The United States, for case in point, believes that the use of hierarchy tends to break a project’s task into smaller achievable and manageable task and find vertical leadership more appropriate, while the Asian culture, which believes in authority ranking, finds the vertical form of leadership more appropriate(Miner 2007:169). Thus, the Western culture manages their projects by encouraging employees’ participation through brainstorming sessions as opposed to the some of the Asian cultures. These two perceptions need to be substantiated in order to come up with an effective management of projects.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Leadership and Motivating the Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, organizations as well as people’s needs change overtime, and therefore, employee motivation is a continuous practice rather than a task (Miner 2007:177). Thus, a good motivation theory for projects should involve finding new ways of motivating their employees. It is imperative to note that a number of factors associated with the leadership/ managerial practice may lead to higher than necessary rates of departure prior to ending the project’s contracts. Key among them include restricted motivation, insufficient socialization, cases where employees feel discriminated, exempted from making decisions that regard them, insufficient levels of commitment, and lesser acceptance (Miner 2007:142). There are some empirical studies reporting on the experiences of leaders taking the role of motivation to explain the complexities of projects with regard to productivity (Miner 2007:69). Some of the studies also link the motivation role mostly to management outcomes. These studies contribute to a research gap on the importance of the managersâ₠¬â„¢ role in improving project management processes and outcomes based on data from a qualitative perspective. The results enhance leadership knowledge by providing another perspective of the manager’s role with implications on the acceptability and viability of employees’ participation. Methodology Purpose of Study The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigative whether the issue of motivating employees is an extremely complicated task in project management. Using a qualitative study allows a thorough investigation of the research problem because it collects data on the accounts and descriptions of employers as well as employees working in a construction project (Creswell 2003:183). The research design involves causal investigation of the research problem by using a wide range of resources (Yin, 2006). Thus, the causal relationship investigated involves linking leadership and motivation with the productivity of a construction project. The study answers one k ey question: is the issue of motivating employees an extremely complicated task in project management? This question draws insight into the challenges surrounding the leadership role as they seek to motivate employees working in projects.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Design of the Study The study employs the qualitative method. This method applies to studies that require in-depth investigation of accounts and descriptions of the research problem studied (Creswell 2003:194). This included company’s structure, the work processes involved, and the relationships between the employees, as well as the relationship between the employees and the managers. This is the appropriate method because it is able to investigate how important motivation is in improving project management process and outcomes based on qualitative data. While the study also involves variables, the intention is to determine the importance of the role of leadership to the employees in the construction project, and not to measure the relationship of variables. The research design involves an in-depth inquiry into a single finding by using multiple data sources to provide understanding of the multiple factors attributed to the research problem (Yin 2006). This supports a thoroug h investigation of the research problem, as it uses a wide range of data collection methods, including document analysis, interviews, archival research, and observation. The selection of the sources was carried out in a manner that interconnects all the theories of leadership and management, and therefore facilitated an effective analysis that created room for understanding how they motivate the employees differently. The primary data, on the other hand, was obtained from the employees working in a construction project Data Collection The data collection method for the secondary sources was carried out by determining the scope of the research and then defining the extent to which management and leadership theories influence employees working in projects. This was followed by determining the evidence that demonstrates the challenges facing the leadership theories and frameworks while motivating the employees towards achieving the goals of the projects. Finally, the researcher organiz ed the ideas collected from the secondary sources, including textbooks as well as from the journals articles. These ideas worked as the background for the questionnaire provided in the case study. Results of the Study The primary data revealed that the construction project has already adopted modern communication technology in an effort to facilitate effective communication between the employees, as well as between the employees and the clients, due to tight working schedule and a high turnover of customers. This strategy, however, is faced with challenges due to poor company structure and work processes such as lack of prioritizing project’s information due to huge number of emails, presence of scattered data due to saving data in diverse formats, low levels of email security , ambiguity due to unclear terms used for products’ descriptions, and work overlap between the workers. The findings obtained from the qualitative design are consistent with the Fiedler’s contingency model as they portray that employees working in projects would only be motivated if the leaders put much emphasis on organizational culture that seeks to achieve organizational goals through close human relations (Daft Marcic 2010: 196). This stems from the fact that the model provides a link in the organizational structure as the go-between of management and employees. More so, the model helps the employees increase a sense of accountability for their tasks since they have already developed a sense of confidence with their leader. This model is imperative since it introduces the employees to a thorough analysis that facilitates definition of how a particular project executes its operations, monitors the already executed operations, and defines how these operations are controlled through teamwork amongst the employees (Daft Marcic 2010: 197). More so, using this model helps the leaders express confidence on the subordinates’ abilities to learn how to share great information with their leaders. And in this regard, the leader advices the subordinates to learn how to focus on results by providing them with tips on how best they can acquire expected results based on teamwork. This claim is supported by Herzberg’s theory of motivation, which states that a good relationship between workers, as well as between the workers and the managers, serves as a key motivator towards the employees (Miner 2007: 183). However, according to Kerzner (2010: 95), adopting a theory that is relationship oriented does not motivate task-oriented workers, simply because relationship oriented models are vulnerable to teamwork discrepancies. This translates that one or two members of a team will not work, and hence, others will be working for such an individual(s). Additionally, adopting relationship-oriented leadership does not help because at the end of the day, evaluation of the project’s employees goes back to an individual level as opposed to a teamwo rk level. Therefore, each individual has to undergo self-reflection to establish his/her contribution towards the success of the project. Kerzner (2010: 98) affirms that employees working in projects are always looking for individual recognition and that employees who do not attest to this fact are ordinary performers who are fond of preferring teamwork because they do not want the public to know that they do not have many talents at an individual level. This idea, therefore, complicates the role of leadership in motivating the employees working in a project. Additionally, the study used the Hezberg’s theory to highlight how leaders can motivate employees working in projects by exploring the extent to which employees can be motivated by job enrichment as well as job rotation. And while the primary sources revealed that a project could only acquire a good leader/ employee relationship when the leader is charismatic as opposed to autocratic, Miner (2007: 210) affirms that motiv ating employees depends entirely on the character of the employees. In this regard, the employees from group X necessitate carrot and stick motivation, while employees from group Y necessitate recognition and job enrichments as the prime motivators. All these show that using leadership theories to motivate employees is an extremely complicated task in project management. Limitations of the Study Even though the research attempted to employ casual investigation of the problem by using a user-friendly approach that would encouraged the participants to be honest with each other, the research study was still imperfect because some respondents proved to be unresponsive. This was more evident when it came to discussing the Adam’s equity model, perhaps due to the sensitivity of this area because some responses could be termed at discrimination following unfair judgments of other people’s inabilities. Conclusion/ Recommendations For Future Leadership Strategies For A Project F rom the finding presented in this paper, it is clear that the use of leadership theories to motivate employees is an extremely complicated task in project management. However, despite the challenges faced with leadership in an effort to motivate the employees working in projects, effective leadership calls for a close cooperation between the employees and the leaders/ managers of the organization. It is from this cooperation that the leaders demonstrate full responsibility of assessing the key motivators of the employees. Thus, evaluating the future strategy of leadership potential in the project should bring rise to a number of questions: what are the theories of leadership/management that the workers consider as motivators? What do employees anticipate as some of the disadvantages that would result from such theories? And most importantly, what do employees anticipate as some of the advantages that would result from such theories and frameworks. The answers to these questions shou ld be achieved through a brainstorming session comprising of employees who have dissimilar theoretical backgrounds relative to motivation. This emanates from the fact that a project management is greatly enhanced by leaders who adopt a leadership style of sharing their personal knowledge and opinions with all their employees (Mears 2009:57). Through sharing of views, the management should realize that one of the main challenges experienced by a project while coming up with a new line of business is inadequate training that would ensure the employees take the upcoming jobs. However, this challenge can be countered by adopting a talent development approach, which takes into account that projects should always assess the talents of its employees in order to outline the level of competence along the new line of operation. Therefore, the management should encourage the employees to develop their skills before the actual shift occurs, as this helps to eradicate fear and resistance to the proposed vision of the project. This can be achieved through a performance management program, which should be characterized by the following feature: standardization, validity and conciseness, and due process. In standardization, the ideal performance management system requires that the aspects of performance measured are uniform and there is a constant level of strictness in its operations. (Kerzner 2010: 114). This is meant to ensure that employees do not loose faith in their managers and the system that might result from variations, such as unreasonable teamwork. According to Kerzner (2010:123), validity and conciseness translates that evaluation criterion of every employee is done only on issues that regard their line of work, as this would serve to motivate the workers who view work itself as the key motivator. Due process, on the other hand, should endeavour to motivate employees who are lowly rated by giving them set guidelines that dictate the appraisal of good performers w ith high salary increases and bonuses should they improve their performance. List Of References Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage. Daft, R., Marcic, D. 2010. Understanding Management. Independence, KY, Cengage Learning. Hanisch, B., Wald, A., Project Management Institute. 2011. A project management research framework integrating multiple theoretical perspectives and influencing factors. Project Management Journal 42(3). JovanovicÃŒ , P., PetrovicÃŒ , D. 2000. Project management and multiproject management in a company. Senet Project Management Review (1)1, 34-43. Kerzner, H. 2010. Project management best practices: Achieving global excellence. Hoboken, N.J., John Wiley Sons. Mears, M. 2009. Leadership elements: A guide to building trust. New York, iUniverse. Miner, J. 2007. Organizational Behavior: From theory to practice, Volume 4. Armonk, NY, M.E Sharpe Publishers. Rad, P. 2002. P roject estimating and cost management. Management Concepts, Vienna, Va. Yin, R. K. 2006. Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, Calif, Sage. This research paper on Leadership and Motivating the Employees was written and submitted by user Jesse Delaney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.